学部・大学院区分 Undergraduate / Graduate		開・博前

時間割コード Registration Code		3057010

科目区分 Course Category		専門・プログラム Program

科目名　【日本語】 Course Title		開発と正義

科目名　【英語】 Course Title		Development and Justice

コースナンバリングコード Course Numbering Code		INT2L5701E

担当教員　【日本語】 Instructor		日下渉 ○ 東村岳史

担当教員　【英語】 Instructor		KUSAKA Wataru ○ HIGASHIMURA Takeshi

単位数 Credits		2

開講期・開講時間帯 Term / Day / Period		春水曜日２時限 Spring Wed 2

授業形態 Course style		講義 Lecture

授業の目的　【日本語】
Goals of the Course(JPN)

授業の目的　【英語】
Goals of the Course

Development is fundamentally related to the struggle over and distribution of scarce resources and important values which are essential for us to survive and realize “good lives.” Politics is everywhere and we are inevitably embedded in it however you hate it. People cannot live without interacting with others in seeking resources and values. To avoid the possible risk of bloody conflicts over resources and values, we need certain social orders. But what are models of desirable social order? What kinds of norms or standards should we rely on to create social order? How can diverse people reach an agreement? What are justice and fairness? How individual freedom and equalities can be balanced? To what degree, should coercion be tolerated by those who do not agree with a vision of social order? We do not have theories that everybody consents to. In this course, we will study various political thoughts, practices, and institutions which people have invented and developed to improve inequalities, tame conflicts and create a better society.

到達目標　【日本語】
Objectives of the Course(JPN)

到達目標　【英語】
Objectives of the Course

Students develop logical thinking ability (a) to demonstrate ideas on desirable social orders, (b) to analyze various problems of actual politics, and (c) to provide recommendations for those problems.

授業の内容や構成
Course Content / Plan

1. Introduction to Politics and Development
- The lecturer explains the outline of the course and provides reading lists.

Part I: State, Liberty and Redistribution
This part discusses how equality can be measured and what are roles of the state.]

2. Utilitarianism and Capitalist Development
- Kymlicka, Will (2001) Chapter 2: Utilitarianism, in the Contemporary Political Philosophy: An Introduction 2nd edition, Oxford University Press.
* Jeremy Bentham and J.S. Mill
- Why was utilitarianism a radical challenge against the monarchy? How does utilitarianism measure justice? What are the limitations of utilitarianism?

3. Liberal Equality
- Kymlicka, Will (2001) Chapter 3: Liberal Equality, in the Contemporary Political Philosophy: An Introduction 2nd edition, Oxford University Press. (We will skip section 4: pp. 75-87)
* John Rawls
- Why and how did liberalism give legitimacy to individual rights against the monarchy? What are the changes in liberalism in the course of changing capitalist development? How does liberalism try to reconcile the conflict between democracy and capitalist development?

4. Libertarianism
- Kymlicka, Will (2001) Chapter 4: Libertarianism, in the Contemporary Political Philosophy: An Introduction 2nd edition, Oxford University Press.
* Robert Nozick
- Why does libertarianism criticize the welfare state justified by liberalism? Who would benefit from the politics of Libertarianism? Does Libertarianism maximize human freedom? What is the relationship between Libertarianism and Neo-liberalism?

5. Justice and Capability
- Sen, Amartya (1995) Chapter 1: Equality of What? in Inequality Reexamined. Harvard University Press.
- Sen, Amartya (1995) Chapter 5: Justice and Capability in Inequality Reexamined. Harvard University Press.
- How can equality be conceptualized, measured, and achieved? How various political theories can be examined in the context of development studies and practices? What are the contribution and challenges of the capability approach to equality?

Part II: Politics of Differences and Recognition
- This part deals with various social-cultural differences and inequalities associated with religion, ethnicity, and gender to explore how an equal society could be realized.

6. Communitarianism
- Kymlicka, Will (2001) Chapter 5: Communitarianism, in the Contemporary Political Philosophy: An Introduction 2nd edition, Oxford University Press.
* John Sidel and Charles Taylor
- Why does communitarianism criticize liberalism? Why do they focus on boundaries and identities of social groups and “common goods”? How can the tension between the principle of equality and priority for minorities be contentious and reconciled?

7. Multiculturalism
- Kymlicka, Will (2001) Chapter 8: Multiculturalism, in the Contemporary Political Philosophy: An Introduction 2nd edition, Oxford University Press.
- How did multiculturalism emerge from the liberal-communitarian controversies? What is the difference between communitarianism and multiculturalism? How can the tension between individual rights and minority groups’ rights be reconciled?

8. Feminism
- Kymlicka, Will (2001) Chapter 9: Feminism, in the Contemporary Political Philosophy: An Introduction 2nd edition, Oxford University Press.
- What is the contribution of feminism to political theories? Why did liberalism ignore gender inequalities despite its emphasis on the equality of individuals? What are the variations of feminism?

9. Redistribution and Recognition
- Fraser, Nancy (1997) Chapter 1: From Redistribution to Recognition? Dilemmas of Justice in a “Postsocialist” Age, in Justice Interruptus: Critical Reflections on the “Postsocialist” Condition, Routeledge.
- Butler, Judith (1998) Merely Cultural. New Left Review 227: 33-44.
- Fraser, Nancy (1998) Heterosexism, Misrecognition, and Capitalism: A Response to Judith Butler, New Left Review 228.
- What are the relationships between redistribution and recognition? Can the two kinds of politics be separated?

10. Sexual Citizenship
- Lister, Ruth (2002) Sexual Citizenship. In Handbook of Citizenship Studies. F. Isin Engin and Bryan S. Turner (eds). London: Sage.
- Richardson, Diane (1998) Sexuality and Citizenship. Sociology 32 (1): 83-100.
- Richardson, Diane (2017) Rethinking Sexual Citizenship. Sociology 51(2): 208-224.
Part III: Radical Democracy in Divided Societies
- The Part III investigates how opposing people or social groups who uphold different interests and moralities can coexist in seriously divided societies.

11. Citizenship Theory
- Kymlicka, Will (2001) Chapter 7: Citizenship Theory, in the Contemporary Political Philosophy: An Introduction 2nd edition, Oxford University Press.
- How do citizen theories attempt to combine the liberal principle of individual rights and contribution to communities? What are the importance and difficulty of demanding civic virtue from citizens? What kinds of political units are desirable for citizenship?

12. Deliberative Democracy
- Dryzek, John (2000) Introduction and Chapter 1: Liberal Democracy and the Critical Alternative, in Deliberative Democracy and Beyond: Liberals, Critics, Contestations, Oxford University Press.
- What is “deliberative turn” in political theories? Can deliberation reconcile antagonism among different social groups in divided societies? Can everyone participate in the deliberation? How is it possible to open deliberation channels for the marginalized?

13. Religion and Public Sphere
- Habermas, Jurgen (2006) Religion in the Public Sphere. European Journal of Philosophy 14(1): 1-25.
- Mahmood, Saba (2009) Religious Reason and Secular Affect: An Incommensurable Divide? Critical Inquiry 35: 836-862.
- Why do modern Western political theories uphold the secularization of politics and what are their problems? What are new approaches and problems to “tame” and include religion in the public sphere? How should religious discourses be treated in the public sphere?

14. Agonistic Democracy
- Mouffe, Chantal (2005) Introduction and Chapter 2: Politics and the Political, in On the Political, Routledge.
- Why does the agonistic democracy regard it as impossible and inappropriate to uphold harmonious agreement? How does agonistic democracy attempt to tame irreconcilable antagonism? What is the difference between antagonism and agonism?
- Dryzek, John (2005) Deliberative Democracy in Divided Societies: Alternatives to Agonism and Analgesia, Political Theory 33 (2): 218-242.

15. Submission of Term Paper
- Analyze causes and characteristics of inequalities and conflicts in specific societies using the political theories we studied in the course. Suggest also possible theoretical remedies to the problems.

履修条件・関連する科目
Course Prerequisites and Related Courses

There is no precondition to take this course.

成績評価の方法と基準
Course Evaluation Method and Criteria

Credit is given to C or higher grade for each criterion.

a) Participation in Discussion (30%)
- The lecturer provides guiding questions one week before the class. Students have to prepare their answers to these questions and engage in discussion in the class.

b) Presentation of Reading Materials (20%)
- At least one student will be required to have presentation on each reading material in a session. The presentation must not exceed more than 20 minutes. Presenters are expected to share critical remarks on texts after briefly summarizing essences of texts. I evaluate sincere intellectual engagement with texts. Mere summarization will not get high scores.

c) Presentation and Term Paper (50 %)
- Papers which include critical review of related materials, logical arguments with appropriate data, and original findings will get high score. Simple summarization of texts or undemonstrated personal statements must be avoided.

教科書・参考書
Textbook/Reference Book

Reading materials are provided in the Structure of the Course/ schedule above. Please refer to it.

課外学習等（授業時間外学習の指示）
Study Load(Self-directed Learning Outside Course Hours)

Read assigned papers or book chapters and prepare your opinon about them.

注意事項
Notice for Students

使用言語
Language(s) for Instruction & Discussion

English

授業開講形態等
Lecture format, etc.

We conduct the course basically online (Zoom) but may have a few face to face sessions.

遠隔授業（オンデマンド型）で行う場合の追加措置
Additional measures for remote class (on-demand class)